Analýza 2-methoxy-2-methylpropanu: Struktura, Vlastnosti, a Aplikace

In the realm of organic chemistry, 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane, also known by its common name tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME), is a versatile and widely used compound. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane, exploring its molecular structure, physical properties, chemical properties, and diverse applications across various industries.

Molecular Structure:
2-Methoxy-2-methylpropan consists of a central carbon atom bonded to three methyl groups and one methoxy group (-OCH3). The molecular formula for this compound is C5H12O, and its structure can be represented as follows:Copy

     CH3 CH3

      |     |

   H – C – Ó – C – H

      |     |

     CH3 CH3

Fyzikální vlastnosti:

• Vzhled: Colorless liquid at room temperature
• Zápach: Mild, ethereal odor
• Molekulová hmotnost: 88.15 g/mol
• Bod tání: -108.6 °C (-167.5 °F)
• Bod varu: 55.2 °C (131.4 °F)
• Hustota: 0.74 g/ml at 25 °C (77 °F)
• Vapor Pressure: 100 mmHg při 20 °C (68 °F)
• Rozpustnost: Mísitelný s vodou, alkohol, a většina organických rozpouštědel

Chemické vlastnosti:

• Ether Functional Group: The presence of the ether functional group (-O-) in 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane makes it a relatively stable compound.
• Reaktivita: TBME is generally unreactive under normal conditions but can undergo certain reactions such as oxidation, hydrolysis, and acid-catalyzed cleavage.
• Hořlavost: 2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane is highly flammable and has a low flash point, making it a potential fire hazard.

Aplikace:

1. Aditiva paliva:
   1. TBME is primarily used as an oxygenate in gasoline, helping to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
2. Rozpouštědlo:
   1. Due to its excellent solvency properties, 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane is widely used as a solvent in various industries, včetně barev, nátěry, a lepidla.
3. Chemical Intermediate:
   1. TBME serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of other organic compounds, such as isobutylene and methacrylic acid.
4. Pharmaceutical Excipient:
   1. Ve farmaceutickém průmyslu, TBME is employed as a solvent and penetration enhancer in certain drug formulations.
5. Aerosol Propellant:
   1. 2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane is used as a propellant in aerosol products, such as hairsprays and insecticides.

Comparative Analysis Óf 1-Methoxy-2-Methylpropane and 2-Methoxy-2-Methylpropane

Fyzikální vlastnosti:

Property	1-Methoxy-2-methylpropan (IBME)	2-Methoxy-2-methylpropan (TBME)
Vzhled	Bezbarvá kapalina	Bezbarvá kapalina
Zápach	Mild, ethereal odor	Mild, ethereal odor
Molekulová hmotnost	88.15 g/mol	88.15 g/mol
Bod tání	-117.2 °C (-179.0 °F)	-108.6 °C (-167.5 °F)
Bod varu	52.3 °C (126.1 °F)	55.2 °C (131.4 °F)
Hustota	0.73 g/ml at 25 °C (77 °F)	0.74 g/ml at 25 °C (77 °F)
Vapor Pressure	160 mmHg při 20 °C (68 °F)	100 mmHg při 20 °C (68 °F)
Rozpustnost	Mísitelný s vodou, alkohol, a většina organických rozpouštědel	Mísitelný s vodou, alkohol, a většina organických rozpouštědel

Chemické vlastnosti:

• Reaktivita: Both IBME and TBME are relatively unreactive under normal conditions but can undergo certain reactions such as oxidation, hydrolysis, and acid-catalyzed cleavage.
• Ether Functional Group: The presence of the ether functional group (-O-) in both compounds makes them relatively stable.

Aplikace:

• Fuel Additives:
  • IBME and TBME are both used as oxygenates in gasoline, helping to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
• Solvents:
  • IBME and TBME are widely used as solvents in various industries, včetně barev, nátěry, a lepidla.
• Chemical Intermediates: 

Both compounds serve as key intermediates in the synthesis of other organic compounds.