ساختار شیمیایی اسید استیک

اسید استیک, commonly known by its chemical formula CH3COOH, is an organic compound that exhibits a strong, تند, vinegar-like odor. With a CAS number of 64-19-7, it is a colorless liquid that exists naturally in many fruits and plants, but is also widely produced industrially for various applications. Its simple yet potent structure, consisting of a methyl group attached to a carboxylic acid group, gives acetic acid unique physical and chemical properties.

ویژگی ها

خواص فیزیکی: Acetic acid has a melting point of 16.6°C and a boiling point of 118.1°C at 101.7 کیلو پاسکال. It is miscible with water, اتانول, اتر, and glycerol, but insoluble in carbon disulfide. Its vapor pressure at 20°C is 1.52 کیلو پاسکال, with a refractive index of 1.3719 در 20 درجه سانتی گراد.

خواص شیمیایی: As a weak acid (pKa = 4.74 در دمای 25 درجه سانتیگراد), acetic acid can react with bases to form salts and esters. It is also capable of participating in esterification, oxidation, and substitution reactions, owing to its functional groups.

ثبات: Acetic acid is stable under normal conditions and does not undergo significant decomposition or reaction, making it suitable for storage and transport.

امنیت: While low concentrations of acetic acid are generally harmless, concentrated solutions can be corrosive to skin, eyes, and respiratory systems. Proper handling and storage practices are essential to ensure safety.

برنامه های کاربردی

صنعت غذا و آشامیدنی: Acetic acid is a key ingredient in vinegar, which is widely used as a flavoring agent, preservative, and acidulant in food products. It also finds applications in the production of condiments, pickles, and salad dressings.

صنعت داروسازی: Acetic acid serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds, including antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporins. Its versatility allows for the incorporation into the chemical structure of drugs, enhancing their therapeutic effects.

Chemical Research: As a reagent and building block, acetic acid is essential in the synthesis of numerous organic compounds. It participates in a wide range of reactions, making it invaluable in the development of new materials and compounds.

صنعت نساجی: Acetic acid is used in the dyeing and finishing processes of textiles, helping to improve color fastness and overall quality.